Gainesville, Fla.-For the
first time, University of Florida (UF) veterinary researchers
believe they have documented cases of equine influenza virus jumping
the species barrier into dogs.
The virus is the likely cause of
a respiratory disease outbreak that killed eight racing Greyhounds
from kennels in Jacksonville. Although the outbreak has been
isolated and quashed, any time a virus jumps species it is
considered an important epidemiological event, the university
reports.
 Dr. Cynda Crawford
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Although researchers stress the findings
involve only these particular Jacksonville dogs, they will
investigate possible connections to similar disease outbreaks that
have affected racing dogs in Florida and elsewhere in recent years.
Cynda Crawford, DVM, Ph.D., a UF
veterinary immunologist, explains, "I want to stress that our team's
findings are preliminary and confined to the dogs affected by an
outbreak at one Florida track, an outbreak that occurred three
months ago and was contained through a voluntary statewide
quarantine, which is no longer in effect."
UF's research team also worked
with Cornell University's College of Veterinary Medicine in Ithaca,
N.Y., and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Ed
Dubovi, director of virology section at Cornell's Animal Health
Diagnostic Lab isolated the virus. CDC was brought in to assess the
public health threat and monitor the outbreak.
"The virus found in the canine
samples is probably representative of the strain that is circulating
now in horses in Florida and elsewhere in the United States," says
Ruben Donis, Ph.D. with CDC.
On the basis of genetic
sequencing, Donis and colleagues at the Influenza Branch conclude
the virus found in canine samples resembled a strain of equine
influenza virus that appeared in horses in Wisconsin last year.
The researchers also found that
the dogs developed antibodies specific for the influenza virus.
"This implies that the virus
replicated enough within the dogs for their immune system to
recognize it and form antibodies," Crawford says.
 Believed to be a first: Equine influenza
virus outbreak struck a Jacksonville, Fla., Greyhound track.
The University of Florida spearheaded the investigation
working with Cornell University and the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention.
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Equine influenza is a disease of horses
and is present in North America, Europe and parts of Asia. Horses
typically develop a fever and a dry, hacking cough. In the early
stages of the disease, horses are reluctant to eat or drink for
several days, but usually recover in two to three weeks.
Crawford adds that she is unsure
how the Jacksonville Greyhounds could have been exposed to equine
influenza virus, and that is one of many questions they intend to
pursue through further epidemiological studies.
When Crawford learned about the
January outbreak, she visited the Jacksonville track to find 24 dogs
affected with symptoms including cough, fever and other more serious
symptoms.
Out of the total, eight dogs died
and 16 recovered.
Crawford reports she collected
blood and nasal fluid samples from 35 dogs, and five of the dogs
that died underwent postmortem examinations.
The team also alerted dog owners
not to experiment with prevention products approved for other
species because of the potential for adverse reactions, including
death.
Details of the story provided by
Sarah Carey, University of Florida.